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Antiques and Collectibles Porcelain, Pottery, China and Dinnerware - Marks & History M - R

Marks A-F Marks G-L Marks M-R Marks S-Z   As time permits I will post additional marks and their history on these pages.     Maastricht Pottery Company The Maastricht China Co. - Maastricht, Holland - 1834 to present. Petrus Regout founded a glass and crystal works company in Maastricht, Holland in 1834. In 1836 he expanded and included the De Sphinx Pottery in hopes of introducing Ironstone China. 1836 - 1870 - Petrus Regout made dinnerware in the style of English Ironstone decorated with primarily single color (blue, black, violet or red) transfer printed patterns with scenic and romantic themes. The patterns for export to England and America were stamped in English and included: "Amasone", "Mythology", "Pleasure Party", "Ruth & Boaz","Wild Rose" and "Willow". The mark used was a double oval with P. Regout at the top Maastricht at the bottom and a number in the center. In 1870 multi-color decals began to be used. 1878 - Regout died and his sons reorganized the company and adopted the Sphinx trademark and backstamp. Pieces are usually marked with the pattern name. The firm is now called N.V. Konmklijke Sphinx. Since 1974 Maastricht has been part of the British company Reed International. Other potteries in Maastricht during the 1840's and 1850's were: N.A. Bosch, W.N. Clermont and Ch. Chainaye, and G. Lambert & Co. Made in Japan China Marks There are scillions of Made in Japan marks and a great book that identifies most of them, I recommend that you look into it to identify your collectible piece. The McKinley Tariff act of 1891 required that imported items be marked with their country of origin. In 1914, this act was revised stating that the words "Made in" would also be used. Finally, in 1921 the act was revised yet again to require that all country names be written in English. It seems likely that any item marked "Made in Japan" was probably made or imported after 1921. This practice continues to this day.            Alfred Meakin Pottery In 1845 James Meakin worked at Newtown Works, Uttoxeter Road, Longton. Of his sons, James and George founded J & G Meakin (Hanley). In 1874 another son, Alfred, founded Alfred Meakin at Tunstall. The company appears to have been the amalgamation of three separate factories (Royal, Victoria and Highgate Potteries). The families of Meakin, Johnson, Ridgway and Pearson were all related and their activities intertwined. According to an 1881 advertisement, Alfred Meakin manufactured ironstone china and white graniteware for export. The company was reported to have set up their own methods for distribution in the USA and used the mail order catalogues of large US companies. Shapes such as Bamboo (1870's-80's), Fishhook (1880's) and Chelsea were the most common. Alfred Meakin was one of the most prolific manufacturers of the Tea Leaf design, exported by many other Staffordshire companies following its introduction as a motif in the mid-1850s. Together, with other simple designs it supplemented the plain white ironstone which was in everyday use in America. The motif was normally produced in copper luster although examples of gold luster have been found – the design was consequently also known as Luster Spray. Production of the tea leaf design stopped in 1910. In addition to wares for export, ordinary domestic and traditional table wares were made, such as the Bleu de Roi dinner ware, presented to King George V and Queen Mary on their 1913 royal visit to the pottery. Around the turn of the century the company manufactured "The World's Largest Teapot" weighing 250 pounds and holding 20 gallons - enough for 480 people. This pot was reputedly made by a Robert Williams and was owned by a George Pritchard of Rome, New York. Tiles were also manufactured by Alfred Meakin from the 1890s featuring art nouveau floral designs and the company were still reported as being involved in tile making in 1922. In 1932 children's ware, such as Peter Pan and decorated wares were being made. Art Deco designs were also being manufactured. After moving to a new factory in 1957, many new tableware shapes and patterns were introduced. Some designs from the 1950s and 1960s are similar to better known designs, such as Midwinter's Riviera or Cannes or Ridgway Potteries Homemaker and are typical examples of what many firms of the period were producing. Myott-Meakin revived the use of the Alfred Meakin backstamp for bone china in 1985 but this range (some of which were manufactured in China) was discontinued late 1989/early 1990 to concentrate on earthenware production. The majority of Myott-Meakin production was exported. KEY DATES 1875 – 1897 Alfred Meakin 1897 – 1913 Alfred Meakin Ltd. (in 1908 bought by members of the Johnson family) 1913 – 1976 Alfred Meakin (Tunstall) Ltd. 1976 acquired by Myott, Son & Co. Ltd 1976 –1991 Myott-Meakin 1989 acquired by Melton Modes (Nottingham) to become Myott-Meakin (Staffordshire) Ltd. 1991 management bought out Melton Modes June 1991 acquired by Churchill Group *http://www2002.stoke.gov.uk        J&G Meakin Mark The firm J & G Meakin was founded in 1851 when it was built by the two sons of James Meakin, James and George. When the father, James, died the business was moved to Market Street in Hanley (England). The two brothers quickly realized the potentials of the export market and the business grew rapidly. George went to America to set up the sales market. James remained in England and managed the pottery works and the shipping. The business grew so quickly that in 1859 a new factory was built on the side of the Caldon canal and this became the Eagle Pottery. Potteries were often built on the canal shores so that the raw materials could be easily brought in and finished ware could be taken to Liverpool for export. In 1887 J & G Meakin purchased the Eastwood Pottery from brother Charles Meakin, this propelled them to be the largest pottery company in Britain. Their aim was to provide an attractive and strong china with distinct patterns made for the tastes of the individual markets that they serviced. The majority of Meakin's wares were made for export to the USA and British Empire Colonies.   Meakin's main product was white granite dinner and tea ware. The 'Wheat Design' with its embossed wheat-ears and leaves was an early favorite, since it was both tough and elegant. We know from industry periodicals of the time, that the Meakin factories were at the cutting edge of technology of the day, and that from the first day of production in 1851 the factories were continually upgraded until in the 1950's they had achieved production of over 1 million pieces per week. SOL Brand became a popular favorite in Australia, NZ and the USA with patterns such as "Celeste", "Rosa", and "Sunflower" these patterns being produced with no embellishments due to wartime restrictions in force in Britain at the time. After the war picture ware patterns were produced with patterns varied to suit the intended export destinations. In addition to the many beautiful patterns, in 1951 their centenary year Meakin produced a range of commemorative wares, these wares along with their picture ware series have now become highly collectible. Meakin's remained a family business for 100 years and earned a reputation for treating its employees well. In 1968 J&G Meakin joined with Midwinters. In 1970 they were taken over by the Wedgwood group. The Eagle factory still operates today producing everyday tableware.   J&G Meakin Dinnerware Patterns, Shapes & Tradenames :      More J&G Meakin Marks  *http://www2002.stoke.gov.uk Meissen Porcelain Backstamps & Mark   The Meissen Company was started in 1710 in Germany - today all of Meissen's work is still done by hand. The kilns and overhead lightbulbs are about the only things run by electricity. Meissen claims to be Europe's oldest porcelain maker, the first to copy the Chinese in making hard white porcelain, even operating its own mine 15 kilometers away for an exclusive supply of kaolin, the mineral that allows the ceramic clay to harden at unusually high temperatures. Turpentine and oil paint fumes hang heavy throughout Meissen's campus of 1860-era buildings. Scores of sunlit studios line the corridors, each employing banks of men and women who deftly paint flowers and landscapes onto ceramics. Studio doors specify exact genres like ''Flower Painting from India'' or ''Figures and Landscapes.'' Meissen employs more than 450 full-time painters, 10 times more than the combined number of artists employed in Europe's other seven remaining porcelain manufacturers that still use hand craftsmen, according to Meissen's figures. It is no accident that the rest of the city's storefronts abound with studios and galleries without direct ties to the porcelain works. None of the artisans is salaried. After a minimum of three years apprenticeship, each gets a fixed number of minutes to finish a task, such as 250 minutes to cut holes in the semi-dried porcelain paste of what will become a filigreed ''woven'' ceramic basket. Paid per finished piece, the craftsmen and craftswomen control their own hours and income. Overtime - which is discouraged in West Germany as a solution to its unemployment crisis - is rewarded here. Sick days and vacation are well below the Western levels. Nearly all opt for full shifts. At Meissen, handwork also allows the company to produce pieces that cannot be duplicated by machine, with no one flower exactly the same as another. Collectors pay a price. The cheapest teacups start at 150 DM and rise according to customer specifications. MARKS: Meissen's crossed swords, hand-painted in cobalt blue and double-fired into each Meissen piece since 1722. There was the "Dot Period" - 1756-1773 - when a dot was placed between the hilts. "Marcolini Period" - 1774-1814 - there was a star between the hilts. More information on the Meissen Mark and Additional Pictures **From a very old publication that I have only this page from, no name and not dated.

Minton Porcelain Mark                  Founded by Thomas Minton around 1793 in Stoke-on-T rent in Great Britain. They were noted for Minton ware a cream-colored and blueprinted earthenware majolica, bone china and Parian porcelain. Minton was also known in the Victorian period for its "art" porcelains. They made popular the blue and white Willow pattern. Herbert Minton, 1793–1858, succeeded his father as head of the firm, and he is the one that deserves the credit for the development and reputation of Minton. The first Minton products were blue transfer wares. Until 1836, when Thomas Minton died and his son Herbert took over the business, the factory's staple products consisted of useful table wares in painted or printed earthenware or bone china, following the typical shapes and decorative patterns of the period; figures and ornamental porcelains were made increasingly from the 1820s. In the 1820s Herbert started production of bone china, this early Minton is regarded as comparable to French Sèvres. Minton was the only English china factory of the 19th century to employ a Sèvres process called pâte-sur-pâte ( painted decoration in white clay slip instead of enamel before glazing). In the 19th century the Minton factory was the most popular supply source of made to order dinnerware for embassies and heads of state. Minton is still in business as part of Royal Doulton.

National Brass and Iron Works - NB&IW Metal Mark National Brass and Iron Works, of Reading, P.A. incorporated 1891 but out of the city directories by 1911. They were manufacturer's of art metal goods, as well as manufacturer's of plant stand, lamps and lamp parts, metal frames and other small decorative metal items. They probably made their own wares as well as sold their small lamp parts to other companies. I sold a beautiful plant stand that was made my them. Nippon and Occupied Japan Marks The McKinley Tariff act of 1891 required that imported items be marked with their country of origin. In 1914, this act was revised stating that the words "Made in" would also be used. Finally, in 1921 the act was revised yet again to require that all country names be written in English. It seems likely that any item marked "Made in Japan" was probably made or imported after 1921. Prior to 1921, they might have been labeled "MADE IN NIPPON". We also know that after WWII and during the US occupation of Japan, items that were made for export were marked "MADE IN OCCUPIED JAPAN", or simply "OCCUPIED JAPAN". There are numerous marks stating Nippon and Occupied Japan, there are also several collectible books focused solely on these topics to help you date, name and approximate a price for your items. The above photos are just samples that I have of these marks.     Noritake China Mark Noritake China- The M mark was used until 1941 when it was replaced by the N mark. In 1852 President Fillmore sent Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry to Japan to propose a trade agreement with the shogunate government. On July 8, 1853 Perry sailed into Edo (Tokyo) Bay with his seven black ships. After eight days of negotiations, he left stating that he would return the following spring, and in 1854 an agreement was reached. In 1859 the shogun returned the favor by sending a trade delegation to the United States. Among the representatives was Baron Ichizaemon Morimura. This young, open-minded diplomat soon realized that Japanese ceramics, avidly collected in Europe since the days of Marco Polo, would be much welcomed by the American public. Because of political turmoil in Japan (the downfall of the shogunate and the restoration of the Meiji dynasty), Morimura had to wait until 1876 to act on his theory. That year he established a trading company with offices in Tokyo, and a retail and wholesale office in New York. The new company, Morimura Brothers, sourced china, gifts and other decorative products in factories around Nagoya, the center of Japan's ceramic production, and exported the wares to a very receptive audience in America. By 1904, however, Morimura determined to control the design and quality of his exports decided to build his own factory. He chose a location in a little village named Noritake just outside of Nagoya. But it took six years to perfect a manufacturing process that would meet Morimura's exacting standards. Thus, in 1910, the first china products from the new company, called Nippon Toki Kaisha, left Japan for the U.S. Since then the United States has remained the principal market for Noritake China. Source: Noritake website The "Nippon Toki Gomei Kaisha" was created based on tableware shown at the Chicago World Fair of 1893. Most of the tableware that was made during this period was clearly influenced by the Art Nouveau Style. The flowery curves, the tree and flower motifs were all Art Nouveau. As well as the Art Nouveau style, they also made Japanese tableware and tableware with traditional European patterns. The earliest pieces of Noritake China bear the back stamp of the letter "M" encircled by a wreath, with the words "Hand painted." Pieces made prior to 1921 also bear the word "Nippon" (which simply means "Japan").  After 1921, adhering to changes in U.S. laws regarding imports, "Japan" or "Made in Japan" can be found beneath the back stamp of these later pieces of Noritake China. Immediately following World War II, from about 1948 to 1953, Japan was occupied by allied forces who directly reaped profits from its porcelain and other factories. Pieces of Noritake china (as well as all exported china) from this period often bear the words "Occupied Japan" or "Made in Occupied Japan" beneath the backstamp. After 1953, the traditional mark was revived, but with one difference: inside the wreath, where the "M" had been, the letter "N" appeared, beginning a period of increased pride in the unique characteristics of Noritake China. ** The below is from a visitor to my website and this information is concerning the above Noritake mark with the oriental symbols. The Noritake mark with the oriental symbols can be found on old # patterns - they date to ca. 1905-08? or thereabouts. There are also Muriyama marks that are similar to the original Toki-Kasha marks. The flower with the 5 leaves signifies the 5 bros. of Noritake- the Toki has a "t" in middle. Muriyama- off shoot of Suzuki-also used a 5 leaved flower, but generally says "Muriyama" below.

Paden City Pottery Mark - P.C.P. Co. The mark on the far left is the mark on all of the Paden City Miniom or Minion pieces I have listed in the shop. The other is Paden City Pottery Regina Shape. In this case, Miniom is the name of the shape of the dinnerware. Paden City Pottery in West Virginia was established in 1914 and folded in 1963. Sears sold their Nasturtium pattern around 1940. There were about 6 different decorations used on their Shenandoah line and there was also a plain colored Shenandoah Ware which was in pastel colors. Paden City Pottery used several marks other than those shown here. Other words used in their marks are; "Manhattan PC.P.CO", "Grecian Ivory", "By Paden", "Caliente", "Shell Krest Paden City W Va" (1930's & 1940's), "Shenandoah Ware" Shell China was probably an outlet for Paden City Pottery. This was a common practice, name changes to give exclusive dealership rights in an area.          PARAGON CHINA LTD Mark Paragon China began as the Star China Co., owned by Herbert Aynsley. The name Paragon was adopted as a trademark around 1900 and the company formally became known as Paragon China Ltd. in 1919. The name was selected deliberately to allude to excellence and quality of product. Herbert Aynsley retired in 1927 and ownership of the business passed to Hugh Irving and his sons Leslie and Guy. The company manufactured bone china wares and during the inter-war period established a reputation for producing high quality tea and table wares. Nursery and toy wares were also a specialty having been part of the Star China product line since 1904. In the early 1920's new forms of decoration were used including gold printed patterns. In the early 1930's new conical shapes with stepped ribs (Duchess shape) in the art deco style were produced to compete with companies such as Shelley and Aynsley. The export market was important to Paragon selling predominantly to Canada, USA, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Paragon China continued to produce during the second World War. By 1946 they had increased their range of products to include animal figures, breakfast sets, ashtrays, and eggcups. Paragon was fortunate enough to receive continued royal patronage, initially from the Duchess of York in 1926. Some of their notable achievements include: 1926 -   Duchess of York commissioned china for the nursery of Princess Elizabeth (the company also produced a commemorative mug to celebrate the birth of the Princess). 1930 - Duchess of York commissioned a tea service to mark the birth of Princess Margaret Rose. 1933 - Company granted a Royal Warrant of Appointment by Queen Mary. 1938 -  Company granted a Royal Warrant of Appointment by Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. 1953 -  Company granted a Royal Warrant of Appointment by Queen Elizabeth II. Although Paragon was taken over in 1960 by T.C. Wild & Sons, and later by the Doulton Group, the Paragon name was retained as a separate identity, having strong marketing potential. Traditional floral patterns were the mainstay of the product range with Royal commemoratives being produced and eagerly sought after. Designers for the company included Ceri Clayton, Agnes Pinder Davis, Reginald Johnson and J A Robinson. Spours' book on table wares reports that Paragon pattern books are not available and are presumed lost. *http://www2002.stoke.gov.uk - To see more British backstamps J Pouyat /J P L (Limoges) France Mark You can read about this mark - J P L (Limoges) France, J Pouyat PM Wreath Mark, Crown Rex Bavaria Mark - Porzellanfabrik Moschendorf The name of the manufacturer is "Porzellanfabrik Moschendorf". Below is the history that a wonderful visitor to my antique shop site sent to me. I have not changed any of her wording or verbage, I think it is very endearing. Thank you Olga. The company was founded by 1879 by Hermann Kühnert who was related with the owner of the "Porzellanfabrik F.A. Reinecke" in Eisenberg (Thuringia/Germany) and the businessman Magnus Tischler. Since Foundation 1879 until 1895 the company was called "Porzellanfabrik Kühnert & Tischler". 1895 the company was changed into a limited company and renamed in "Porzellanfabrik Moschendorf AG". 1909 Otto Reinecke (R.P.M. = Reinecke Porzellan Manufaktur) took over as Managing Director and between 1909 and 1929 the company had Philipp Rosenthal (Selb) as a member of the supervisory board. At this time (1910 - 1937) Otto Reinecke had also (in parallel) led the "Porzellanfabrik F. A. Reinecke" in Thuringia, together with his brother Paul Reinecke 1937 the limited company "Porzellanfabrik Moschendorf AG" fell apart and Otto Reinecke completely took over the facility and the company was renamed in "Porzellanfabrik Otto Reinecke". During the war, Otto Reinecke had massive problems with the National Socialist Party as he was strictly against the regime. In 1941, a patch of lease-hold property from the Reinecke facility was used to build a camp for prisoners of war from eastern Europe. Reinecke had tried to avoid this and later even ignored orders to switch production to items used by the army. Annoyed by his opposition, the National Socialists closed the facility. In 1944 the premises of the closed facility were used to build a labor camp which at first was a branch of the concentration camp in Dachau for a short time until it was declared a branch of the concentration camp in Flossenbürg. The SS also took over the mansion of Otto Reinecke directly next to the facility. After World War II, most Bavarian porcelain manufacturers could instantly restart production but the facility in Moschendorf was not able to restart until autumn 1948. The reason for the delay was that the American forces believed that Reinecke had belonged to the SS - simply because he had 'allowed' them to build a labor. camp on his premises. Until his name was cleared, huge parts of the stock had already been taken away as compensation. The Moschendorf facility and especially its 'Indischblau' decoration series had a very good reputation. In papers left by a banker in Hof with the name of Julius Kellermann, it was that reputation that resulted in a spectacular offer from the Meissen facility during 1948: Reinecke was offered a chance to produce 'Original Meissner Indischblau' decorated porcelain, including an exclusive right to use the Meissen crossed-sword mark for the time of the contract. Nobody knows what Reinecke must have thought - he turned down the offer! In 1951, Otto Reinecke died. As he had never married and did not have any children, he declared in his will that the beneficiary should be his housekeeper Elly Künzel. But all the experience and good reputation could not help the facility. After massive problems with rentability, the facility closed on November 23rd 1957 and Elly Künzel sold the estate to the city of Hof and received a life annuity. To see more of their porcelain marks William Ridgway Ridgway Potteries Ltd. The mark on the left is for William Ridgway, "Westernstar" is the pattern and beneath the pattern name is a WR. The porcelain mark on the right is Humphrey's Clock. The banner beneath the clock plinth has W R & S Co. There is also the text "Dickens Old Curiosity Shop." While I have not been able to find a definitive explanation on this mark or the series I do have a hypothesis... take it for what it is, my guess. Charles Dickens wrote a book titled Master Humphrey's Clock, "The Old Curiosity Shop" (also by Dickens) was published in full as a separate volume in 1841 but was originally supposed to be part of the Master Humphrey's Clock series and is indeed narrated at the start by Master Humphreys. My guess is that Ridgway created a series of tableware based on these books. They used the "Humphrey's Clock" as the mark to indicate that it was from this series and the tableware patterns depict different Dickens books that are related to it. Several books that originally were to be part of Master Humphrey's Clock were published as their own book. This particular plate, as all tableware from the Humphrey's Clock series would have come out between 1841 - 1848. There you have it, my guess on this mark and its relationship to the patterns depicted on the tableware bearing the mark. Please don't publish this as fact or pass it around as such, what the hell do I know. William Ridgway - Hanley (England), 1830-1854 W R W RIDGWAY Several printed or impressed marks, incorporating these initials or the name. c.1830-4?   W R & Co W RIDGWAY & CO Several printed or impressed marks used the addition of '& Co' c.1834-54   W R S & Co The name William Ridgway, Son & Co is used in full sometimes. c.1838-48 Ridgway Potteries Ltd. - England, 1955 - 1964 - Operated 8 different potteries each using a different name. Some of the pottery manufacturer's had been in operation since the 18th century before they were absorbed by this group. Booths being the oldest. Adderley (Ridgway & Adderley 1952 - 1955) Colclough (Colclough China Ltd. 1937 - 1948, Booth & Colclough 1948 - 1954) Gainsborough Works Paladin Works Bedford Works Portland Pottery North Staffordshire Pottery (previously the Globe Pottery 1914-1934) Booths Church Bank Pottery Porcelain marked "Royal Vale" was made by Ridgway Potteries Ltd. There was also a Ridgways... plural. They also used a bow and quiver mark on many of their wares. They were in operation from 1879 - 1920. If your mark does not have a town name it dates to approx. 1880-1885. With "Stoke-on-Trent" 1885-1890. With the word "England" 1891+. With "England" and "semi-porcelain" 1912+   RPM Germany Mark This mark has been causing quite a stir. It took me awhile to find this information, and only with the help of a new friend, but here it is. The RPM Germany mark, RPM with an eagle mark and other variations of the RPM mark are from a decorating company located in Germany or Bavaria. This company was started in the 1980's and is still in business. The RPM eagle mark is an attempt to fool the eye and look like the KPM mark. There is an RPM mark that is simply the RPM initials, from Hegewald Bohemia circa 1850. Therefore, you need to study the quality of your piece and determine whether it is from the 1800's or 1980's and later. Update on August 16, 2006 ..... This information was provided to me by a visitor to my website - R.P.M. means "Reinecke Porzellan Manufaktur" in Moschendorf (Bavaria/Germany). The RPM Mark was used only a short time since 1920. Please see the information for "Porzellanfabrik Moschendorf" Robinson Ransbottom Pottery Company (R.R.P. Co. Roseville O) Robinson Ransbottom Pottery Co., Roseville, Ohio. (1920 - present 1986). The lineage of the Robinson Ransbottom Pottery Co. is from 1856 - 1862 it started as the Johnson, Whitmore and Co. in Akron, Ohio. It then became the Whitmore, Robinson and Co. from 1862 - 1900, they manufactured stoneware, yellow-ware & Rockingham. In 1900 the company changed to Robinson-Merrill Company when E. H. Merrill, a potter from Mogodore, joined Robinson. I don't know what happened to Whitmore. In 1902 the name changed to the Robinson Clay Products Company. In 1920 the Ransbottom Brothers Pottery of Roseville, Ohio joined in and ta-da... we now have the Robinson Ransbottom Pottery Company. Around 1916, the Ransbottom Brothers Pottery was the country's largest producer of stoneware jars, churns, poultry fountains, bowls, etc. Their mark was R.C.P. Co. and a four leaf clover with a number in the center. The Robinson Ransbottom Pottery Co. makes a high quality product and the mark is often confused with that of the Roseville Pottery Company because both companies have marked items "Roseville, Ohio" research and knowledge (touch and sight) are the best way to know the difference in the two. The mark may spell out the full name or have only the initials. Other marks may include; Roseville, Ohio, a crown with a number and USA, Crown Brand, Old Colony (produced until 1940), Rustic Ware (produced until 1960), Luxor and a graphic of the sphinx, Early American Stoneware, graphic of the Statue of Liberty and Made in America. Some marks are impressed and they also had paper labels.    Rosenthal Porcelain - Including Rosenthal Kronach and Rosenthal Peynet Studio Line Phillip Rosenthal (1855-1937) began business in 1884 by purchasing whiteware from Hutschenreuther and selling wares handpainted by his wife Maria, door to door. In 1891, he established a factory in Asch, Bohemia and began production of whiteware for painting in his workshop. From 1897 to 1936, Rosenthal acquired factories in Kronach, Marktredwitz, Selb, Waldenburg, Sophienthal, and Waldershof. The popularity of the Maria White and Moss Rose patterns helped the business grow rapidly. By the start of WWII, Rosenthal operated 10 companies and employed over 5,000 people. When the war ended, Rosenthal's son, Phillip, returned to Germany where he modernized the out of date factories and re-established many of the lost markets. Phillip quickly rebuilt the business by doing away with the outdated look and design of the rococo curlicues and baroque designs known for generations and brought in a contemporary, streamlined look. To accomplish this, Phillip brought in some of the best artists of the day; Raymond Loewy, France's Raymond Peynet. Finland's Tapio Wirkkala, and Germany's Hans Theo Baumann. From their designs the company produced its simple, elegant Studio Line. Studio Line fans have included Elizabeth Taylor, Audrey Hepburn and the Aga Khan. As the Studio Line's sales rose, so did Philip's influence in the company; in 1958 he became president. A few of the older patterns are still in place for us nostalgia lovers. To this day, Rosenthal continues to work with leaders in fashion and design to create unique tabletop designs. The town names under the Rosenthal mark indicate which factory the piece was made at. They are still in operation and the quality is beautiful, you cannot go wrong when you buy Rosenthal... old or new. Thomas Germany Mark .

Rosina China Ltd. Mark Rosina China Ltd. 1941, Longton England. Rosina China Ltd was previously George Warrilow (& Sons) (Ltd) which was started in 1887 in Longton. Warrilow & Cope began in 1880, Warrilow broke off and started Warrilow (& Sons) (Ltd). Cope stayed on and began producing Wellington China. The above mark is on a small dish that we have in the shop.            Royal China Company Mark and History Royal China Company - Sebring, Ohio - 1934 to 1985 or 1986. Royal China produced a great number of dinnerware patterns and many have the pattern name marked on the back. They issued "series" of china and those series were composed of several patterns in which the pattern varied from year to year. The "Currier and Ives" pattern was started in 1949-1950. Colonial Homestead (mark above) was started between 1950 and 1952 and was advertised by Sears throughout the 1960's. The Old Curiosity Shop was also a pattern of the 1950's. All three of these patterns were created by Gordon Parker. Bluebell was produced around 1940 and was still advertised in 1967. Royal Oven Ware - 1940's. In 1969 the Jeanette Corporation purchased the Royal China Company and they also purchased Harker China (closed in 1972). In 1984 Nordic Capitol of New York bought the Royal China Co., throughout all of this the name remained the same but the mark sometimes reflected the name of the new owner. In 1986, to the best of my knowledge, the Royal China Company was no longer producing anything. Dinnerware and pieces marked with text including "Jeanette Corporation" were produced after 1970. This also includes Royalstone, Cavalier, Omegastone, Vendome, Majestic Ironstone, Saxon Ironstone, Regal and anything marked "Microwave Oven Approved", there might also be other patterns.

Royal Copenhagen Porcelain Manufacturer Marks and History The Royal Copenhagen Porcelain Manufactory was established May 1, 1775. From the beginning, each porcelain item was marked with three waves symbolizing Denmark's three straits: the Sound and the Great and Little Belts. The 3 wavy lines alone dates- 1870-1890, stamped in blue underglaze. On all of Royal Copenhagen's pieces you will find the 3 wavy lines. In 1923 pieces were made in China, the mark says "Made in China" and has the 3 wavy lines. They are still in operation. You can visit their website to see how to date your pieces based on the marks - http://www.royalcopenhagen.com/ Royal Crown Derby Porcelain Mark and History Royal Crown Derby began in 1750 and is still in operation today. To read the history of this longstanding British company you can go to their website. http://www.royal-crown-derby.co.uk/ Royal Duchess Fine China Bavaria Germany This is the mark that is on 2 of the Royal Duchess Bavaria plates we have in the shop. The 3rd mark has only the text in green with no black background. I have not been able to find any history on Royal Duchess Fine China but as soon as I do it will be posted here. This is probably another company in Bavaria and would fall under the history I have for Bavaria             Royal Kent Bone China Staffordshire Mark                 No history at this time, this Royal Kent mark is on teacups and saucers we have for sale.

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